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Purchasing quality industrial scales will provide your business with an effective means of achieving highly accurate readings of weight measurements for a variety of different applications.

Precision balances are available to measure extremely light substances in laboratories and, conversely, heavy duty weighbridges are purpose-built to measure and withstand the weight of trucks, vans and other large industrial vehicles.

Despite their impressive weighing capabilities, all scales must be cleaned regularly and, every so often, calibrated to maintain their efficacy for future work.

What is Calibration?

In this industry, calibration is the process of verifying a weighing scale’s accuracy by conducting extensive testing and comparing the data obtained with a known and accepted standard.

This system allows for any problems with data outputted by a scale to be identified and, ultimately, rectified. Calibration services typically include both the analysis and (if necessary) repair of scales in order to bring their accuracy back to acceptable levels.

Why is Calibration Necessary?

Calibration is essentially an MOT for weighing scales. It involves a general inspection and servicing of your equipment to ensure accuracy is maintained moving forward.

The accuracy of all scales will slowly degrade as a result of continuous use over time; however, there are also additional environmental factors which can affect the readings provided.

Electrical overloads, changes in climate, accidents and other events can all be detrimental to the performance of a weighing scale and can eventually lead to inadequate readings being displayed.

What are the Benefits?

Calibration ensures all of your weighing equipment is fit for use and will provide results with minimal deviation from the accepted standards.

In addition, you will also be issued with a certificate which provides a comprehensive breakdown of the testing completed including the data analysed, any issues identified and the processes undergone to fix these.

The main benefits of calibration are:

• Maintaining highly accurate weight measurements
• Ensuring your company adheres to all relevant regulations regarding the weight of products, vehicles and other objects weighed
• Avoiding financial penalties, legal action and complaints from customers
• Maintaining a positive brand image by providing accurate product data to customers and other stakeholders of your business

The above list is vitally important for all applications; however, there are certain benefits which are more pertinent to specific industries.

The following section covers issues which can occur through using poorly calibrated scales.

Vehicle Weighing

Using machinery such as weighbridges allows companies to record the gross and net weight of their vehicles and this information can then be used to calculate the product’s cost and any duty or tax fees which may apply.

If these scales are unable to produce accurate data, customers may be deceived into overpaying for the goods they receive or, similarly, companies may avoid paying sufficient tax and surcharges.

In the first instance, customers may be inclined to file a formal complaint against your business or even cease trading altogether.

In more serious cases, legal action may even be taken which can entail large financial penalties and severely damage your brand as a result.

Medical Scales

Professional Class III Medical Weighing scales are used extensively to help medical professionals accurately assess a patient’s current health as well as facilitate the diagnosis of any conditions they may be living with.

A person’s weight is hugely important and can provide warning signals to the onset of diseases such as cancer, depression and viral infections.

Without accurate, calibrated weighing scales, doctors may be unable to identify these signs and this can cause patients to suffer from medical negligence.

Completing regular calibration is a simple and cost-efficient way to maintain the accuracy of your scales and avoid the multitude of problems which can occur from using incorrect weight data.

Laboratory Balances

In the medical industry, uncalibrated scales can result in incorrect prescriptions being issued to those in need. However, if a laboratory balance provides an incorrect measurement, pharmaceutical companies may inadvertently provide inaccurate information relating to a medicine’s chemical composition.

As a result, doctors and other medical professionals, may be unable to correctly treat a patient or, in more serious cases, an individual may experience an overdose which could compromise their health.

What puts a retail business ahead of its competitors is its ability to create loyalty and efficiency for effectively meeting their customers’ expectations. Keeping the customers waiting in a long queue is not really the best idea if you are aiming for a positive impact on anyone’s experience about your business. Retailers experience revenue losses of up to 39% due to long queues. But there is a solution: Queue management technology.  With a Queue Management system, retailers can accurately calculate the number of customers at the checkout queues as well as the average time they spend waiting.

Queue management systems analyze and improve the flow of visitors, generating significant benefits. Here are some of the reasons why a proper queue management provides critical advantages for retailers:

Customer Satisfaction

No one likes to wait in line, and in retail business, because of the intensity of the competition, customer satisfaction should be the main goal. One in every three potential customer, leave the store without making a purchase if they have to wait more than five minutes to make the payment. Customers value their time, hence, in order to create a better experience and obtain loyalty, it is of great importance to make them leave your store happy – by improving the checkout experience.  Therefore, tracking the queues and customer flow throughout the store is very important.

With a proper queue management system, the businesses would be able to measure the customer flow, how long the customers wait in line, the percentage of the customers that leave without making a purchase because of the waiting process and come up with the optimal checkout queue length with the data obtained from queue management technology. The system also notifies the staff when there is a longer than optimal queue and prompts them open another cash register. With the help of queue management system, queues that are properly managed ensure that customers make it through the whole process of actually making a purchase and don’t leave your store dissatisfied.

Workforce Efficiency

Working with a queue management system, especially in the retail business, provides invaluable data about customer flows and peak times of the business. This kind of important data could be fed back into staff schedules and betterment of staff allocations in order to make them more efficient for the customer needs. Allocating your staff accordingly with the data you have obtained from queue management system not only helps you make sure your customers are content with their shopping experience, but also diminish the customer complaints. Shorter check out queues means happy customers, happy customers means happy staff. Happy staff means better and more productive workforce.

Costs

Retail queue management is an investment that would become a cost saving strategy in the long run. Businesses that are using this system are able to understand the average time spent in their queues, and this enables them to rethink their queue strategy and staff allocations. With a proper queue management system, retailers can allocate their resource and workforce better and ensure that unnecessary staffing costs are reduced.

In a nutshell, proper queue management means your customers are getting the service when they expect it without having to wait around to do so. Managing your queues with queue management means you will be able to allocate your staff at the places they are needed the most. Queue management technology will, most importantly, help you keep your customers happy and satisfied leaving your store. In the long run, they would be preferring your brand and service, not your competition.

A bar code reader (or bar code scanner) is an electronic device that can read and output printed barcodes to a computer. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating for optical impulses into electrical signals.Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry analyzing the bar code’s image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode’s content to the scanner’s output port.

Technology

Barcode readers can be differentiated by technologies as follows:-

Laser scanners

Laser scanners work the same way as pen type readers except that they use a laser beam as the light source and typically employ either a reciprocating mirror or a rotating prism to scan the laser beam back and forth across the bar code. As with the pen type reader, a photo-diode is used to measure the intensity of the light reflected back from the bar code. In both pen readers and laser scanners, the light emitted by the reader is rapidly varied in brightness with a data pattern and the photo-diode receive circuitry is designed to detect only signals with the same modulated pattern.

CCD readers (also known as LED scanners)

CCD readers use an array of hundreds of tiny light sensors lined up in a row in the head of the reader. Each sensor measures the intensity of the light immediately in front of it. Each individual light sensor in the CCD reader is extremely small and because there are hundreds of sensors lined up in a row, a voltage pattern identical to the pattern in a bar code is generated in the reader by sequentially measuring the voltages across each sensor in the row. The important difference between a CCD reader and a pen or laser scanner is that the CCD reader is measuring emitted ambient light from the bar code whereas pen or laser scanners are measuring reflected light of a specific frequency originating from the scanner itself.

USB

Later barcode readers began to use USB connectors rather than the keyboard port, as this became a more convenient hardware option. To retain the easy integration with existing programs, a device driver called a “software wedge” could be used, to emulate the keyboard-impersonating behavior of the old “keyboard wedge” hardware.

In many cases, a choice of USB interface types (HID, CDC) are provided. Some have PoweredUSB.

Wireless networking

Some modern handheld barcode readers can be operated in wireless networks according to IEEE 802.11g (WLAN) or IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth). Some barcode readers also support radio frequencies viz. 433 MHz or 910 MHz. Readers without external power sources require their batteries be recharged occasionally, which may make them unsuitable for some uses.

Electricity plays an important role in the modern society because of its versatility with respect to input energy form. Electricity also offers total environmental, enhancement opportunity as compared to other energy sources used by the consumer. However, the rapid advancement in the field of electronics and its innumerable applications in residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural sectors, the demands for quality and uninterrupted power supply have increased tremendously. The primary requirement of distribution companies is to give power supply to the consumer in a reliable manner at a minimum cost, taking into consideration the constraints and the criteria such as reliability, economics, environment, society impacts and value of electricity.

The main hindrance in ensuring uninterrupted power supply in the overhead distribution system is the unavailability of space in developed urban areas. Falling of tree branches on the overhead distribution lines and short circuiting of conductors due to heavy winds and gales, rains, accidents due to bare conductors, failure of supporting structures, etc. Under ground cable system is very useful in low voltage distribution network in urban areas to mitigate the problem of space availability and minimize frequent breakdown in the lines.

Underground cables offer an affordable and justifiable solution for critical parts and in some cases the entire length of overhead high voltage power lines. With appropriate technology used in appropriate places, the environment impact of underground cables can be minimized. Underground cables help in ensuring uninterrupted power supply that is hitherto uncommon in overhead systems. The main hindrance in ensuring uninterrupted power supply through overhead systems is the non-availability of space in developed urban areas. Underground cables can transmit power across densely populated areas where land is costly or environmentally or aesthetically sensitive

A cable is basically an insulated conductor and is used for underground distribution of electricity. Insulation is used to cover the conductor and provides isolation from the surroundings. It should possess high resistance, high dielectric strength, high mechanical strength and long durability. Underground cables are generally used in densely populated areas such as cities and metros, where there is high density of automobiles; high raised commercial, residential buildings and places; where vital installations of uninterrupted power supply such as water supply system, hospitals and IT services, etc. Underground cables are also preferred in industries, sub-stations, railways and road crossings, servicing of residential installations and other similar locations. Underground cables system provides high reliability, least interruptions due to line faults and good safety. In addition to this, the I²R losses are quite low compared to overhead system due to the absence of steel wires. Its advantages such external protection is provided against mechanical injury, moisture entry and chemical reactions.

Cable design:

A power cable commonly consists of Conductor, Bedding, Armouring, Outer sheath and Insulation. Underground cables consist of one central core or a number of cores of tinned stranded copper or aluminium conductor’s insulation from each other. A metallic sheath of lead or alloy or of aluminium is provided around the insulation to protect it against ingress of moisture. The initial heavy cost is the only factor which discouraged the use of underground cables for the purpose of transmission and distribution of electric power.

For mining, extra mechanical strength is provided to cable with double armouring. For wind power plant customers generally require flexible and UV protected cable with mechanical tough sheath. The underground cables have several advantages such as less liable to damage through storms, lightning, low maintenance cost, less chances of faults, smaller voltage drop and better general appearance. Voltage drop is also an important factor of cable design.

The type of cable to be used at a particular location is determined by the mechanical considerations and the voltage at which it is required to operate. According to voltage these are classified as low-voltage cables for operating voltage up to 1kV, high-voltage cables for operating voltage up to 11kV, super tension cables for operating voltage up to 33 kV, extra high tension cables for operating voltage up to 66kV and extra super voltage power cables for operating voltage beyond 132kV. The current rating of the cables apart from the above factors also depends on a large number of other factors such as method of cable laying employed, spacing between the cables, number of cores and the thermal conductivity of the soil. An approximate indication of the current carrying capacity for Indian conditions, which is based on a maximum conductor temperature of 80 °C for 11KV cables and above. The ground ambient temperature of 30 °C applies to most places in India.

Selection of Cables:

Electrical cables are the nerves of any electrical network. Cables consist of a huge percentage of capital investment in any electrification project. And, they are the most vulnerable to failures too. Most of the cable failures could be attributed to improper selection. Right selection of cables is not only very important for reliability of power supply and safety of devices as well as human beings present around them, it also prevents loss of assets and saves costly business hours. The type of cable used at a specific location is determined by the mechanical considerations and the voltage at which it is required to operate. The grade of insulation of the underground cable depends on the voltage levels. For selection of cable of correct size and type for a particular application, the following factors/ Selection Parameters to be considered are:

1. Voltage Rating: This is the rated voltage of the system, in which the cable is to be installed & used. The type of operating system such as dc (2-wire or 3-wire) or ac (Single-phase, three phase), earthed or unearthed and operating voltage such as 415/240 V, 11, 33, 66, 132 KV etc.
2. Type of Conductor: The most generally used conductor in a cable is either Copper or Aluminium. As is known, for the same voltage rating, type, insulation, cross sectional area and method of installation, the continuous current rating, the short time current rating and the per unit length cost of a Copper cable is considerably higher than that of an Aluminium cable.

• Type of Insulation: Most of today’s cables are insulated either with PVC or with XLPE. Obviously, for the same conductor material, voltage rating, type, insulation, and other parameters, the per unit length cost of an XLPE insulated cable is considerably higher than that of a PVC insulated cable.

1. Type of Cables: Unarmoured cables are used in indoor installations and on above ground installations, such as in cable trays, in pre-built concrete cable trenches, etc., Armoured cables are mandatory for any underground cable installation. The armour can be a wire or strip made of Galvanised Iron or Aluminium. In many cases, this armour is connected to the earthing system, preferably at one end only, generally, the sending end.
2. Continuous Current Rating: The continuous current rating of cables with Aluminium / Copper conductor is made available by the manufacturers. But, it should be noted that the continuous current ratings are given by the manufacturers for certain standard conditions of laying. In practice, it is not possible to get or to maintain these standard conditions. Thus, certain rating factors are applied to arrive at the practical continuous current rating.
3. Rating Factors: The Rating factor for variation in ground temperature or in duct temperature, variation in ambient temperature, variation in thermal resistivity of soil and Group Rating Factor – Vertical Spacing & Horizontal Spacing should be considered appropriately.

• Voltage Drop: Cables consist of resistance & reactance. And, thus the current flowing though such an impedance will cause a voltage drop. This drop should not affect the loads connected by the cable.
• Short Circuit Values: The “short-circuit current rating” is the maximum short-circuit current that a component can withstand. Failure to provide adequate protection may result in component destruction under short circuit conditions. Short circuits and their effects must be considered in selecting cables. These cables should have a short circuit rating which is the highest temperature the cable can withstand during an electrical short circuit lasting up to about half a second.

3. No of Core: No of core selection is depends upon power system. For Single Phase Power Supply, we can use 2 core cables for three phase supply we can use 3.5 core or 4 core cables for HV supply.
4. Economics: It is also an important factor for selecting the type of cable. It is to be kept in mind that the cost of cable should not be such large that it causes loss and another cable may fetch the same results in low cost and loss.
5. Environmental Conditions: Cable operates at its best when it is installed in its optimum environmental conditions. For example, XLPE cables work well in areas where moisture content is good. Thus, proper cable should be selected so that the system becomes more efficient.

Due to the increasing urbanization, the usage of electronic gadgets has become essential in every house. Even in rural areas these days, electricity is being used more than before with the advancement of technology. 

Starting from tube lights, bulbs, televisions, washing machines, computers, mixer grinders there are a lot of electronic gadgets. Therefore, one should buy and choose electronic devices properly from the market.

Following are the factors you should consider while buying electronic gadgets from the market.

1.  Take a glance at the reviews of the product

First you need to consider while buying a product is its reputation of the product. It comes handy while online shopping mostly. 

However, even if you go to buy your desired product from a store, you should do some research on the internet. Many users keep giving their opinion on the products which will make your work easier.

2.  Select the perfect brand.

It is imperative that you select the perfect brand concerning the gadget that you are buying. For example, if you need to buy a television, then you need to go with the most used brand. There are many brands namely Phillips, Sony, Samsung, LG, Panasonic, etc. 

Again, the internet comes very handily in this selection process. You can easily make out from the reviews and ratings that which brand has the highest demands and ratings.

3. Check availability in the market.

The availability in the market is very crucial. Gadgets that are in high demand are sold very fast. So, whenever you feel you need the product which has high demand and is available in the market, then you must rush for buying it. 

In the case of online shopping, you need to keep checking their availability in online shopping sites. There are a number of sites like Flipkart, Snapdeal, Amazon, which will make your work easier.

4.  Pros of online shopping over traditional shopping and vice versa.

Online shopping is useful in the way that the gadgets of your choice are available online for a more extended period than it is in the store. A more significant advantage is that it eases your workload of visiting the store. Online shopping also tells you about the availability of the newly manufactured goods from the factories. In many cases, such products are not available at the stores initially. 

A person in urgent need of that gadget can buy it online. However, a lot of people prefer the traditional mode of shopping. They visit the stores because experienced personnel are present there who give a broad idea about the product. The first-hand opinion is often the best option.

5.  Do not be a spendthrift.

Gadgets are essential, but they must be taken into account that you don’t spend money extravagantly on them. It is not advisable to be a spendthrift. Always look for reasonable options that guarantee the most facilities. Many a time people buy expensive gadgets, and then they encounter problems with them at an early stage. The entire point of spending money becomes futile then. 

Also, go for items that offer a discount. Check the ebuyer voucher code on each item both while online shopping and when you visit the store. The ebuyer voucher code will tell you the discount on every, and thereby you can decide which one will you buy. It also requires taking into consideration your available budget.

6. Check the product properly.

The gadget that you buy needs to be checked properly before paying for it. For example, if you are purchasing a washing machine, you should check there is no scratch on the machine. It is always recommended that you check how it works once before buying. In these cases, offline shopping is advisable often. 

The store authorities will give you a demo about the modus operandi behind it.

7. Proper comparison when in a dilemma.

When you are confused between two choices, then the internet can be of great help. You can quickly check the specifications of both the products online and see which product suits you more. 

If you notice that both products carry the same specifications, then you decide according to your budget. This is the most commonly required step before buying any product.

Therefore, it is essential that you buy electronic goods properly. Use your wisdom, check the discounts, look at how much your pocket permits at that point in time. Go for reasonable options and enjoy all their facilities to the fullest.